Effect of cognitive retraining treatment in mild to moderate depressive disorders

Abstract Background Cognitive retraining or remediation approaches dispense high levels of stimulation and new learning tasks, leading to an increased neural connections, which facilitate rapid recovery in patients with neurological as well as psychiatric conditions. Objectives The current study aimed to investigate the effect of cognitive retraining (CR) in depressive disorders. We assigned 40 patients with mild to moderate depression to two sample groups, with 20 participants each: CR alone and CR with medicine. A 6-week CR module was delivered, and participants' scores on measures such as the Beck Depression Inventory-II, Metacognition Questionnaire 30, World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief, and Global Assessment of Functioning were compared. Results Analysis using Stata/IC version 16 included descriptive statistics, paired and independent t-tests, analysis of covariance, and propensity score matching. Cohen's d was computed to determine the effect size. Within-group analysis revealed statistically significant differences in pre-post scores of the outcome measures (p < .05) and large effect size (d = 3.41; d = 3.60) in both groups. The difference in scores of outcome measures between the groups was not significant (p > .05) even when covariates were controlled, or nearest neighbor match analysis was carried out. CR is effective in alleviating symptoms and dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs in addition to enhancing functioning and quality of life. Conclusions CR-based interventions may be essential mental health services owing to growing research in psychotherapy via virtual modes such as tele- and video-conferencing. These interventions can substantiate both prevention and remedy.

Epidemiological profile of suicide attempts in a municipality in southwest Paraná, from 2017 to 2020

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological profile and psychological disorder of the suicide attempt cases in Francisco Beltrão, Paraná. METHODS: This is an epidemiological descriptive/qualitative study of suicide attempts conducted between 2017 and 2020. This study used data from the Brazilian Information system for notifications involving suicide attempts (Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação, SINAN) and 447 notifications were obtained. An analysis of the electronic medical record of these patients was performed in order to investigate the mental disorders, using a questionnaire. RESULTS: Of the 447 notifications, 382 were eligible for the study. Using the 95% confidence interval, there was a higher frequency of females with 71.7% aged between 18 and 35 years representing 48.4%, with 77.2% white race/color, the singles appeared in the majority with 47.6% with a history of previous suicide attempts, using exogenous intoxication as a method in the attempt with 67.5%. Regarding mental health, 66.5% of the patients had some mental disorders, with the highest prevalence of recurrent depressive disorder found in 40.6%. CONCLUSION: It was observed that there is a need for training of health professionals and implementation of programs and preventive measures aimed primarily at females aged between 18 and 35 years with mental disorders, especially with recurrent depressive disorder and with a history of previous suicide attempt.

Characteristics of the sleep-related beliefs in depressive patients comorbid with insomnia and its influence on sleep quality / 四川精神卫生

ObjectiveTo explore the beliefs and attitudes about sleep in patients with comorbid depressive disorder and insomnia， and to explore its influence on sleep quality. MethodsPatients with comorbid depressive disorder and insomnia （n=61） and patients with primary insomnia （n=62） who met criteria specified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fourth edition （DSM-IV） in Beijing Anding Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University were enrolled， meantime， another 64 healthy controls were recruited. All subjects were assessed using Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep （DBAS） and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index （PSQI）. Additionally， patients with comorbid depressive disorder and insomnia were evaluated using Hamilton Depression Scale-17 item （HAMD-17）. The PSQI and DBAS scores were compared among three groups using analysis of covariance， and multiple linear regression analysis was used to screen the factors affecting PSQI score in patients with comorbid depressive disorder and insomnia. ResultsCompared with healthy controls， higher scores of PSQI （t=18.932， 18.610， P<0.01） along with lower scores of DBAS （t=-5.561， -5.791， P<0.01） were observed in patients with comorbid depressive disorder and insomnia and patients with primary insomnia. Taking the PSQI score of patients with comorbid depressive disorder and insomnia as the dependent variable， statistically significant equations were generated using multiple linear regression analysis （F=14.095， R2=0.327， P<0.05）， and the predictive and control factors of sleep in DBAS and age were found to be the influencing factors of PSQI score in patients （B=-0.100， -0.279， P<0.05 or 0.01）. ConclusionCompared with the normal，depression patients with insomnia have more dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes towards sleep，and dysfunctional cognition may be the influencing factor of their sleep quality.

Factores asociados a la depresión en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica avanzada en Boyacá, Colombia

Introducción: la enfermedad renal crónica avanzada se define como la presencia de daño renal y se caracteriza por alteraciones estructurales y funcionales que disminuyen la tasa de filtración glomerular. Esta enfermedad constituye un punto de cambio en la vida de las personas que la padecen, pues los obliga a diseñar estrategias mediante las cuales puedan reestructurar sus sueños, aspiraciones y proyectos de vida debido a que esta es una condición que cambia los estilos de vida y ocasiona otras entidades que afectan los niveles físico, psicológico y social. Objetivo: determinar los factores asociados a la depresión en personas con enfermedad renal crónica avanzada en población del departamento de Boyacá, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal en 201 pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en fases avanzadas y que estuvieran en manejo con terapia dialítica. Para la obtención de los datos se aplicó el cuestionario de depresión de Beck, además se incluyeron variables demográficas, sociales y clínicas. Resultados: la edad promedio de los participantes fue 58,5 años, el 76,11 % eran varones y la prevalencia de depresión fue de 40,29 %. Las personas con pareja estable y que cuentan con apoyo familiar y buena atención por parte del personal de salud tienen menos probabilidad de presentar depresión, mientras que los mayores de 50 años de edad, quienes llevan más dos años en terapia dialítica y aquellos que presentan otras enfermedades como diabetes mellitus y enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica tienen probabilidades más altas de desarrollar depresión. Conclusiones: se considera prudente crear grupos de apoyo en las unidades de diálisis, donde se incluya a los pacientes y sus familiares, con el fin de detectar tempranamente problemas de salud mental y darles un manejo temprano, buscando de esta forma una adecuada adherencia al tratamiento de las patologías de base.

Introduction: Renal insufficiency is defined as the presence of renal damage and is characterized by structural and functional alterations with decreased glomerular filtration rate. This disease constitutes a turning point in the lives of people who suffer from it, since it requires elaborate forms or methods by which they can structure their dreams, aspirations and life projects additionally changing lifestyles, and generates other entities that affect the physical, psychological and social level. With this project they were determined the factors associated with depression in people with advanced chronic kidney disease in population of the department of Boyacá. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, which included patients with chronic kidney disease in advanced stages who were managed with dialysis therapy. Demographic, social and clinical variables were included. Where the Beck depression questionnaire was applied. Results: A total of 201 people participated. The average age was 58.5 years and 76.11 % were male. The prevalence of depression was 40.29 %. People with a stable partner, who have family support and good care from health personnel are less likely to have depression, while people over 50 years of age, with more than two years in dialysis therapy and the presence of Diseases such as diabetes mellitus and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are more likely to develop depression. Conclusions: It is considered prudent to create support groups in dialysis units, where patients and their families are included, this in order to detect mental health problems early and give early management, thus seeking an adequate to the adherence of the underlying pathologies.

Psychological Problems Experienced by Patients with Bowel Endometriosis Awaiting Surgery / Problemas psicológicos vivenciados por pacientes com endometriose intestinal aguardando cirurgia

Abstract Objective To assess the most common psychological disturbances in women with deep endometriosis and bowel involvement who are waiting surgical treatment and to evaluate what forms of coping are used to solve the problem. Methods This was a cross-sectional observational study of 40 women diagnosed with deep endometriosis and intestinal symptoms. They completed two questionnaires: one for anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [ HADS]) and the Scale of Mode of Confronting Problems (EMEP, in the Portuguese acronym). Results We found that 77.1% of the patients had anxiety and depression, with anxiety being the most prevalent (87.5% of the patients); 90% of the patients used problem focused and religious introspection as their main modes of confronting problems. Conclusion In the use of the HADS questionary, two psychological aspects were the most present in women with deep endometriosis awaiting surgical treatment: anxiety and depression. The most used forms of coping to solve the problem were problem coping and religious practices.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar os distúrbios psicológicos mais comuns em mulheres com endometriose profunda e acometimento intestinal que aguardam tratamento cirúrgico e avaliar as formas de enfrentamento que são usadas para resolver o problema. Métodos Estudo observacional transversal com 40 mulheres com diagnóstico de endometriose profunda e acometimento intestinal. As pacientes responderam dois questionários: para ansiedade e depressão (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS, na sigla em inglês) e outro para enfrentamento dos problemas (EMEP). Resultados Constatamos que 77% das pacientess apresentaram ansiedade e depressão, sendo a ansiedade a mais prevalente (87,5%); 90% das pacientes usaram a forma religiosa e focada no problema como sua principal estratégia de enfrentamento. Conclusão Os aspectos psicológicos mais encontrados em mulheres com endometriose profunda e intestinal que aguardam tratamento cirúrgico são ansiedade e depressão. As formas mais usadas de enfrentamento para resolver o problema foram práticas religiosas e focada no problema.

Cardiovascular risk factors and major depressive disorder: a cross-sectional study in São Paulo, Brazil

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular risk factors can mediate the association between depression and cardiovascular diseases. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate cardiovascular risk factors in adult individuals with and without histories of major depression in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study in São Paulo (SP), Brazil. METHODS: This study evaluated 423 individuals without any lifetime diagnosis of major depression and 203 individuals with a previous diagnosis of major depression (n = 626). The participants underwent a psychiatric evaluation using a structured clinical interview (SCID-1), an anthropometric evaluation and a clinical evaluation that included blood pressure measurement and assessment of fasting blood glucose, lipid profile and physical activity levels. RESULTS: Individuals with histories of major depression were more likely to be female (P < 0.0001). Individuals with lifetime diagnoses of major depression were more likely to be current smokers (odds ratio, OR 1.61; 95% confidence interval, CI 1.01-2.59) and to have diabetes (OR 1.79; 95% CI 1.01-3.21); and less likely to be obese (OR 0.58; 95% CI 0.35-0.94). CONCLUSION: Individuals with major depression had higher odds of presenting tobacco smoking and diabetes, and lower odds of being obese. Healthcare professionals need to be aware of this, so as to increase the rates of diagnosis and treatment in this population.

Diet and depressive disorders

ABSTRACT Background: The importance of foods or food constituents in mental health is increasingly recognized, and "nutritional psychiatry" is a growing discipline. Objective: This narrative review aims to present work supporting associations between food or food constituents and mental health, specifically depressive disorders. Methods: The data presented is derived from preclinical and clinical work, including in vitro and in vivo assays, as well as observational studies and randomized clinical trials of dietary interventions. The focus of the review is the mediation of inflammatory processes and oxidative stress by dietary constituents that are an integral part of a healthy diet, such as the Mediterranean diet and similar. Results and Discussion: We present evidence for the role of the diet in prevention and management of depressive disorders, beyond the effect of individual nutrients. The findings indicate that among the dietary components with higher degree of evidence to influence depressive disorders are long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (EPA and DHA), and various dietary bioactive compounds, especially plant-derived secondary metabolites represented by polyphenols such as flavonoids and resveratrol. Conclusion: Diet exerts an important role on mental health, and evidence indicates that some dietary constituents contribute to the prevention of depressive disorders.

Efectos de la rehabilitación cardiaca en el paciente cardiovascular con ansiedad y depresión / Effects of cardiac rehabilitation on the cardiovascular patient with anxiety

Resumen Objetivo: determinar el efecto de un programa de rehabilitación en los puntajes de ansiedad y depresión de pacientes con enfermedad cardiovascular. Materiales y métodos: se analizó la información de una cohorte retrospectiva de pacientes con enfermedad cardiovascular, admitidos a un programa de rehabilitación cardiaca. La ansiedad y depresión fueron medidas con la escala HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) y se categorizaron según el tratamiento de base recibido (médico o quirúrgico). Se comparó el cambio en los puntajes de ansiedad y depresión al ingreso y al final de la rehabilitación cardiaca mediante la prueba de Wilcoxon para muestras pareadas y la prueba de McNemar para evaluar el cambio de los porcentajes en cada subescala. Resultados: se incluyeron 1.221 pacientes. La mediana de edad fue 61 años, 68,30% eran hombres. Al ingreso, la mediana del puntaje de ansiedad y depresión fue 3, de los cuales 141 pacientes presentaron un trastorno de ansiedad (11,55%) y 67 un trastorno depresivo (5,49%). Al final de la rehabilitación cardiaca se obtuvo una mejoría en los puntajes de ansiedad y depresión tanto en pacientes en tratamiento médico (promedio -1,87 puntos 95% IC -2,14 a -1,60 p<0,01 y -1,46 puntos 95% IC -1,72 a -1,21 p<0,01 respectivamente) como quirúrgico (promedio -1,48 puntos 95% IC -1,78 a -1,18 p<0,01 y -1,83 puntos 95% IC -2,12 a -1,57 p<0,01). Conclusiones: los puntajes de ansiedad y depresión, en pacientes con enfermedad cardiovascular en tratamiento médico o quirúrgico, mejoraron luego de un programa integral de rehabilitación cardíaca.

Abstract Objective: To determine the effects of a rehabilitation program on the anxiety and depression scores of patients with cardiovascular disease. Materials and methods: An analysis was performed on the information collected from a retrospective cohort of patients with cardiovascular disease, admitted to a cardiac rehabilitation program. Anxiety and depression were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and were classified according to the baseline treatment (medical or surgical) received. A comparison was made between the anxiety and depression scores on admission and at the end of the cardiac rehabilitation program using Wilcoxon test for paired samples and the McNemar test to evaluate the change in the percentages in each sub-scale. Results: A total of 1,221 patients were included. The median age was 61 years, and 68.3% were males. On admission, the median score was 3 on the anxiety and depression scale, with 141 (11.55%) patients having an anxiety disorder, and 67 (5.49%) with depressive disorder. An improvement was observed in the anxiety and depression scores at the end of the end of the cardiac rehabilitation, both in patients on medical treatment (mean difference minus 1.87 points, 95% CI; -2.14 to -1.60: P<.01, and -1.46 points, 95% CI; -1.72 to -1.21: P<.01, for anxiety and depression, respectively) and on surgical treatment (mean difference -1.48 points, 95% CI; -1.78 to -1.18, P<.01 and -1.83 points, 95% CI -2.12 to -1.57, P<.01, respectively). Conclusions: The anxiety and depression scores in patients with cardiovascular disease on medical or surgical treatment improved after an integrated cardiac rehabilitation program.

Effects of Srog dzin-5 prescription on pathogenesis model of acute stress and animal models of depressive disorders / Монголын эм зүй, эм судлал

Abstract@#There is a growing need for a systematic study of the use of medicines prepared from herbal, animal, and mineral raw materials in traditional Mongolian medicine to a new level. Based on traditional medicine technology and use, the study identified the most suitable modern medicinal ingredients for the human body, namely a medicine that can be used for depression in the ancient scripture, “Ngo mtshar dga’ ston gter mdzod” by Gelen Choijamts and further practical application is imperative. @*Purpose@#To study the effects of Srog dzin-5 prescription on pathogenesis model of acute stress and animal models of depressive disor- ders. @*Conclusion@#</br>1. In the pathogenesis model of acute stress disorder caused by restricted mobility, Srog dzin-5 prescription prevents stress-induced thymic involution and enlargement of adrenal glands. </br>2. In the pathogenesis model of ethanol-induced depression, Srog dzin-5 prescription increased physical activity, reduced despair, and prevented anxiety according to behavioral assessment.

Índice de depresión y de inhabilidad social del Rorschach en adultos con trastornos depresivos / Rorschach index of depression and social disability in adults with depressive disorders

RESUMEN El Psicodiagnóstico de Rorschach es una prueba proyectiva que se aplica en la evaluación de la personalidad y trastornos psicopatológicos. Constituyó una investigación aplicada, descriptiva-transversal con un enfoque cuantitativo, entre 2015 y 2018. El presente texto tiene como objetivo analizar la frecuencia de las variables del Índice de depresión y del Índice de inhabilidad social en protocolos de adultos con trastornos depresivos residentes en la provincia de Camagüey. Los 210 protocolos pertenecientes a sujetos con trastornos depresivos que conformaron la muestra, fueron seleccionados de manera intencional pura, no probabilística. En la generalidad de los protocolos, el Índice de depresión no fue eficaz para diagnosticar la depresión de los sujetos y el Índice de inhabilidad social fue positivo. Las variables más frecuentes en el Índice de depresión y de inhabilidad social indican la presencia de una actividad cognitiva poco elaborada, escasa sensibilidad hacia el propio mundo personal y hacia el entorno, así como dificultades en la esfera de relaciones interpersonales. El estudio responde a la Cátedra Honorífica Hermann Rorschach de la Universidad de Camagüey.

ABSTRACT The Rorschach Psychodiagnosis is a projective test that is applied in the evaluation of personality and psychopathological disorders. It was an applied, descriptive-cross-sectional research with a quantitative approach, between 2015 and 2018. This text aims to analyze the frequency of the variables of the Depression Index and the Social Disability Index in protocols for adults with depressive disorders residing in the Camagüey province. The 210 protocols belonging to subjects with depressive disorders that made up the sample were intentionally selected in a pure, non-probabilistic manner. In most protocols, the Depression Index was not effective in diagnosing subjects' depression, and the Social Disability Index was positive. The most frequent variables in the Depression and Social Disability Index indicate the presence of poorly developed cognitive activity, low sensitivity to one's personal world and the environment, as well as difficulties in the sphere of interpersonal relationships. The study responds to the Hermann Rorschach Honorary Chair at the University of Camagüey.

Depression among nursing students and its association with academic life / Depresión entre estudiantes de enfermería y su asociación con la vida estudiantil / Depressão entre estudantes de enfermagem e sua associação com a vida acadêmica

ABSTRACT Objective: To measure the levels of depression among Nursing students from a public institution of higher education and the association with aspects of academic life. Method: Analytical and quantitative study with 203 students from a higher education institution that uses active methodologies. We used Beck's Depression Inventory and the Likert type scale of academic factors. Results: We verified that 19.2% had moderate or severe levels of depression. Higher levels of depression were associated with female gender (p=0.003), working more than 40 hours per week (p=0.047), spending more than 90 minutes to reach academic activities (p=0.043) and with 12 academic factors specific to routines of the studied institution. Conclusion: The results contribute to managers' and professors' reflection and analysis concerning nursing students' mental health, in addition to indicating in which aspects there is a need to provide greater support to these students.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Medir los niveles de depresión entre estudiantes de enfermería de una institución pública de enseñanza superior y la asociación con aspectos de la vida estudiantil. Método: Estudio analítico y cuantitativo con 203 estudiantes de una institución de enseñanza superior que utiliza metodologías activas. Se utilizó el Inventario de Depresión de Beck y la escala de factores académicos del tipo Likert. Resultados: se verificó que el 19,2% presentó niveles de depresión moderados o graves. Los mayores niveles de depresión se asociaron al sexo femenino (p = 0,003), trabajar más de 40 horas semanales (p = 0,047), gastar más de 90 minutos para llegar a las actividades académicas (p = 0,043) y a 12 factores estudiantiles específicos a las rutinas de la institución estudiada. Conclusión: los resultados contribuyen con gestores y docentes en la reflexión y el análisis de la salud mental de los estudiantes de enfermería, además de indicar en qué aspectos hay necesidad de proporcionar mayor apoyo a esos estudiantes.

RESUMO Objetivo: Medir os níveis de depressão entre estudantes de Enfermagem de uma instituição pública de ensino superior e a associação com aspectos da vida acadêmica. Método: Estudo analítico e quantitativo com 203 estudantes de uma instituição de ensino superior que utiliza metodologias ativas. Utilizaram-se o Inventário de Depressão de Beck e a escala de fatores acadêmicos do tipo Likert. Resultados: Verificou-se que 19,2% apresentaram níveis de depressão moderados ou graves. Maiores níveis de depressão foram associados ao sexo feminino (p=0,003), trabalhar mais de 40 horas semanais (p=0,047), despender mais de 90 minutos para chegar às atividades acadêmicas (p=0,043) e a 12 fatores acadêmicos específicos às rotinas da instituição estudada. Conclusão: Os resultados contribuem com gestores e docentes na reflexão e na análise da saúde mental dos discentes de enfermagem, além de indicar em quais aspectos há necessidade de fornecer maior apoio a esses estudantes.

Athlete Girls Mental Health Status on the Basis of Experimental Psychological Research Method

Nowadays, the topic of confrontation of personality is negative environmental factors are highly relevant. Violent social, economic changes in society postpone the imprint on the mental health of a person, especially girls, which directly affects the physical condition, causing stress, neurosis, depressive states, apathy, inadequate behaviour. Methods: This article gives concept of athlete girls’ involved in handball (n=184) psycho-emotional state and its influence on health and activities. Describes review of methods assessing the psycho-emotional state of a person. Analysed methods, used in the laboratory of Tashkent Institute Postgraduate Medical Education. The article focuses on the use of scale personal anxiety Spilberger-Khanin and Lusher. Results: light anxiety-depressive disorders in 45.0%, moderate violations were detected in 40% and severe in 15%. When testing for age characteristics, 70% of girls were over 17 years old. 30% of cases accounted for age gradation up to 17 years, which is the most prosperous age. the most severe type of personality disorders occurred among girls engaged in trainings during one year, because the girls prepared for the competition, they were more neurotic. The most acceptable period of time according to our research is 2 years. Disorders of moderate severity is detected in athletes during sports for 3 years. Conclusions: A change in the psycho-emotional state is indeed in close relationship with the physical state of a person. Experimental psychological testing of girls after increased loads revealed mild anxiety and depressive disorders in 45%, moderate 40% and severe 15%.

Mental health resources and awareness of anxiety and depressive disorders in general hospitals in China

Abstract Background Mental health disorders are common in China. There is a lack of knowledge and resources of mental health in China. Objectives To assess the levels of psychiatric resources and services in general hospitals in China. Methods Data regarding psychiatric departments, wards and staff were collected from 57 general hospitals in four provinces of China (Hubei, Zhejiang, Heilongjiang and Yunnan) between April 2014 and June 2014. Questionnaires were distributed to 1,200 non-psychiatric clinicians. Results Among the 57 hospitals, 50 provided mental health services, 36 had mental health wards, and seven had neither mental health clinics nor wards. The median number of mental health clinicians was six per hospital. The median number of specialized nurses was 42 per hospital. A total of 1,152 non-psychiatric clinicians with a career duration of 9.4 ± 8.9 years returned completed questionnaires. Only 6.9% reported a good understanding of the manifestation of anxiety and depressive disorders, 4.5% reported a good understanding of the diagnostic criteria, and 3.8% reported a good understanding of the treatment protocols. Discussion There is inadequate awareness of anxiety and depressive disorders among non-psychiatric clinicians in general hospitals in China. This awareness/understanding increased with increasing hospital level.

Prevalence Rate Of Depression Among Elderly Population In Central India

The adult population is booming at an alarming rate leading to the most difficult challenges faced by both developing and developed nations. The rapid changes in social and cultural values have marked influence on the psychological well being of the elderly. Depression among the elderly remains unrecognized or inadequately treated condition. The goal of this study was to determine the magnitude of depression in elderly people living in central India. MATERIALS AND METHOD- 200 elderly individuals of 60 years of age or more reporting to the institute who gave consent for the study were screened. While those individuals who refused to provide consent were excluded. Demographic details were recorded, and level of depression was assessed using Geriatric depression scale (Sheikh & Yesavage, 1986.) RESULT: The data was analysed and the results were recorded. The Chi-square test was used for categorical variables. In this study, severe depression was found in 30% elderly while 50% were mildly depressed. Also, Women were more depressed as compared to men. CONCLUSION- The high prevalence of depression among elderly especially females emphasize increased need of family and community support and availability of better health care services. The small sample size of this study is limitation, so large-scale studies are needed for a better picture of mental health in rural older adults in India.

Depressive Disorders among People with Chronic Illness in an Urban Area of South India

Over the past decades, twin demographic and epidemiological transitions have been reflected an increase in the burden of chronic diseases. Although public health practitioners have recognized the increasing burden, the socioeconomic and overall health impact is to be adequately researched. Depressive disorders are considered an important correlate, for appropriate management of chronic disease but have been given relatively less importance. Hence, this study was taken up in an urban slum of Bengaluru city to explore the associations between depressive disorders and chronic diseases.Methodology: The cross-sectional community-based study was conducted in an urban slum of Bengaluru city using a modified cluster sampling technique. All persons who were ill or on long-term medication or were hospitalized for a period more than 3 weeks in the past 1 year were interviewed. A semi-structured pre-tested questionnaire incorporating Hamilton Depression Rating Scale was used. Results: He overall prevalence of chronic illness was 10% among the study population with 10.9% having mild depression, and 1.2% having mild-moderate depression, and none severe depression. None of them were taking any treatment for their depression. The mean age of those with mild depression was 53.9 years and was greater among females (males 5.0% and females 16.7%). The latter was highly statistically significant. Of the 91 persons with symptoms of mild depression, nearly two-thirds (58.2%) belonged to Class IV of Modified B G. Prasad’s classification. Factor analysis showed that HAM-D scores to have a significant relation with chronic illness. Discussion: Depressive disorders among those with chronic disorders are hitherto unrecognized in routine clinical practice. Middle ages, females and those lower down in the socioeconomic hierarchy are at greater risk. There is a need to establish a mechanism for appropriate management of these disorders.

The association study between the polymorphisms of BDNF gene and the response of citalopram antidepressant treatment / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To investigate the relevance of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene polymorphisms and the effects of citalopram antidepressant.Methods The subjects comprised 280 patients according to the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders in the fourth edition (DSM-Ⅳ) criterion for major depressive disorder (MDD).Severity of depression were assessed by 17 Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) at the baseline and 1,2,4,6 weekend.Citalopram were selected for treatment.Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing analysis were used to detect the genotype of SNPs rs7124442 and rs6265 of BDNF.SPSS17.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results (1) There were 280 patients (242 responders and 38 nonresponders;175 remissioners and 105 nonremissioners) accomplished 6 weeks of treatment.No association was found between the polymorphisms and antidepressant drug response or remission (the reduction rate of HAMD score ≥ 50％ was defined as response,conversely,defined as nonresponse;HAMD score more than 7 was named as remission,in contrast,named as nonremission) (P＞0.05).(2) Repeated measures analysis of variance was adopted to compare the change of HAMD scores among the genotypes at different time points.There was a significant difference in rs6265 polymorphism between the GA +AA genotype (the scores of HAMD at 2,4,6 weeks were(9.98±4.97),(8.02±4.50),(5.83±3.49) respectively) and the GG genotype groups (the scores of HAMD at 2,4,6 weeks were(11.90±6.55),(9.34± 4.71),(7.07±4.28) respectively) (P=0.031).Conclusion The results suggest that BDNF rs6265 polymorphisms in part determine the antidepressant response to citalopram.

Depressive disorders in patients with respiratory diseases and analysis of countermeasures / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To investigate the depressive disorders in patients with respiratory diseases and analyze the countermeasures against it to provide reference for improving clinical treatment compliance. Methods 80 cases was selected according to the screening and exclusion criteria from 262 patients with respiratory diseases from January, 2014 to December, 2015. Then divided them randomly into treatment group and control group. The SDS and SAS show no statistical signiifcance before treatment (P>0.05). The control group with clinical disease symptomatic and supportive treatment, the treatment group combined with anti-anxiety treatment on the basis of clinical symptomatic and supportive group. Then compare the SDS, SAS and dyspnea improvement between the two groups before and after treatment. Results The SDS and SAS scores showed no significant difference before treatment (P>0.05). While after treatment, the SDS and SAS scores in treatment group were signiifcantly lower, and lower than the control group, the difference was statistically signiifcant (P0.05). After treatment, the condition of dyspnea improved greater in treatment group than the control group, the difference was statistically signiifcant (P<0.05). Conclusions Because the respiratory disease of patients suffered leads to psychological burden, negative emotional depression anxiety appears not well with the clinical work, by using Deanxit improve patient confidence and compliance, there is a certain positive to improve the clinical symptoms with good clinical value.

Effects of Shugan Jianpi Formula () on myeloid-derived suppression cells-mediated depression breast cancer mice / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the intervention effect of Shugan Jianpi Formula (, SGJPF) on a breast cancer mouse model with depression and investigate the underlying mechanism of SGJPF in preventing the development of breast cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The breast cancer model was induced by inoculation of breast cancer cells, the depression model was induced by chronic stress stimuli, and the depression cancer model was established by combining the two factors. The mice were divided into 7 groups: normal control, depression model, tumor model, depression tumor model, SGJPF, chemotherapy, and SGJPF+chemotherapy groups. The last 3 groups were depression breast cancer mice and treated respectively with SGJPF, chemotherapy drug gemcitabine (GEM), and SGJPF alongside GEM. The condition of the mice was evaluated by the expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine in hippocampus after the sucrose water test and open field test, weight change, and survival time. Tumor growth was monitored with in vivo imaging. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the level of myeloid-derived suppression cell (MDSC) in the mouse spleen, T cell subsets, and the early apoptosis of CD8T cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The SGJPF+GEM group had the highest inhibition rate and the longest survival time (P<0.01). The MDSC level and the apoptosis rate of CD8T cells was the highest in the SGJPF+GEM group (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Depressive disorders and tumor growth could suppress the immune function of mice to different degrees, and the microenvironment in late 4T1 inflammatory breast cancer may play an important role in the pathological process. SGJYF could regulate the immune microenvironment by reducing CD8T lymphocyte apoptosis and tumor cell activity, increasing immune surveillance capability, and inhibiting MDSC proliferation, thus prolonging the survival time of tumor-bearing mice.</p>

Estudio de la afectividad en mujeres con trastornos depresivos a través del psicodiagnóstico de Rorschach / Affectivity in Women with Depressive Disorders through Rorschach Test

Se realizó una investigación descriptiva con el objetivo de caracterizar la esfera afectiva de mujeres diagnosticadas con trastornos depresivos, en el período comprendido entre 2012 y 2015. La muestra estuvo conformada por 46 mujeres residentes en la provincia de Camagüey, seleccionadas de manera intencional, a partir de los criterios establecidos por los autores del estudio. Se aplicó el Psicodiagnóstico de Rorschach, según la codificación e interpretación del Sistema Comprehensivo de Exner. Como principales resultados se obtuvo que, en la mayoría de las mujeres, predominó la combinación del Índice de depresión negativo y el Índice de inhabilidad social positivo, el estilo vivencial coartado e introversivo, proporción afectiva baja y Lambda alta.

A descriptive study was conducted to characterize the affective sphere of women diagnosed with depressive disorders during a period between 2012 and 2015. The sample consisted of 46 women living in Camagüey, who were selected intentionally using criteria established by the investigation authors. A Rorschach Test was applied, with regard to the encoding and interpretation of Exner´s Comprehensive System. Results suggested that most women exhibited a combination of the negative depression index and the positive social disability index, constricted and introversive experiential style, low affective proportion and high Lambda.

Prevalência de sintomas depressivos e fatores associados em idosos institucionalizados no município de Recife, Pernambuco / Prevalence of depressive symptoms and associated factors among the institutionalized elderly in the city of Recife, Brazil

Dentre os agravos que mais acometem as pessoas idosas, os transtornos depressivos merecem atenção por acarretarem importantes consequências para as funções biológicas, psicológicas e sociais dos indivíduos. As pessoas que moram em Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos (ILPI) geralmente vivem um contexto de perdas e separação familiar que aumentam sua vulnerabilidade a quadros depressivos. O objetivo do estudo foi investigar a prevalência de sintomas depressivos e fatores associados em idosos institucionalizados no município de Recife, Pernambuco. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, transversal, desenvolvido em nove ILPI de Recife, do qual participaram 136 idosos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Utilizou-se um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturado, abordando perfil sociodemográfico e condições de saúde dos entrevistados. A presença de sintomas depressivos foi investigada por meio da Escala de Depressão Geriátrica de 15 itens. Realizou-se estatística descritiva e Regressão de Poisson nas análises uni e multivariadas para testar a associação entre a variável resposta e as covariáveis. A prevalência de quadro depressivo foi de 53,7%. As variáveis que se associaram ao risco de depressão foram sexo, estado civil, saúde autopercebida e funcionalidade. A alta prevalência de sintomas depressivos na população institucionalizada alerta para a necessidade de maior engajamento dos gestores e profissionais da saúde não somente na prevenção, mas também na investigação e na valorização dos sinais indicativos de depressão a fim de que esta possa ser precocemente diagnosticada e tratada da maneira mais eficaz para o idoso. (AU)

Among the injuries that most affect the elderly, depressive disorders require attention for entailing important consequences for biological, psychological and social roles of individuals. People who live in homes for the aged generally live a context of losses and family separation that increase their vulnerability to depressive disorders. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of depressive symptoms and associated factors among institutionalized elderly in the city of Recife, Pernambuco. This was a descriptive and cross-sectional research conducted in nine homes for the aged of Recife, with participation of 136 elderly patients who fulfilled the criteria of inclusion. Was used a semi-structured interview script regarding sociodemographic and health of those interviewed. The presence of depressive symptoms was assessed through the Geriatric Depression Scale of 15 items. A descriptive statistic and a Poisson regression was held in univariate and multivariate analyzes to test the association between the response variable and the covariates. The prevalence of depressive disorders was 53.7%. The variables associated with depression risk were gender, marital status, the self-perceived health and functionality. The high prevalence of depressive symptoms in the institutionalized population suggest the need for greater engagement of managers and health professionals not only in the prevention, as in research and exploitation of signals indicative of depression, so that it can be diagnosed early and treated in the most effective way for the elderly. (AU)